The Netherlands
Situated at the mouth of the Rhine River, the Kingdom of the Netherlands is a man-made country that owes its life to the sea as much of land that once lay under water and its maritime trading tradition which was the principal source of the nation’s wealth, most notably in the 17th century. The Netherlands is also one of the world’s most liberal countries, with a long history of cultural and racial tolerance.
The shape of the Netherlands has changed dramatically over the last 2,000 years. Medieval maps show nearly half the country under water, but since then large areas have been reclaimed from the sea. The Netherlands’ current shoreline is maintained by a drainage system of windmills, dykes and canals.
With some 16 million people in just 42,547 sq. km of land, the Netherlands is the third most densely populated country in Europe, after Monaco and Malta. The only time you will notice this is when you are in an airplane and looking down and see how much land is under water and how little land is left. Dutch cities and towns never seem overcrowded, but homes are often small, with steep narrow staircases and modest gardens.
The Netherlands’ three biggest cities, Amsterdam, its capital, Rotterdam, the industrial hub and the Hague, the seat of government, are all located in the west of the country, part of the urban conglomeration known as the Randstad.